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Table 3 Individual and neighborhood-level risk factors for first-line antibiotic-resistant urine cultures in patients meeting eligibility criteria from Tufts Medical Center, 2015–2020

From: Sociodemographic disparities in antibiotic-resistant outpatient urine cultures in a Boston hospital, 2015–2020: a cross-sectional analysis

 

No. Isolates (%)

Primary Analysis

Secondary Analysis

 

Susceptible

N = 940

Resistant

N = 366

OR (95% CI)

p-val

OR (95% CI)

p-val

Patient Characteristics

      

Age (Mean, SD)

50.8 (20.3)

53.6 (20.2)

1.01 (1.00, 1.01)

0.052

1.00 (1, 1.01)

0.204

Sex (n, %)

      

 Female

842 (90.3%)

321 (87.7%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Male

90 (9.7%)

45 (12.3%)

1.22 (0.82, 1.80)

0.324

1.25 (0.84, 1.86)

0.270

Individual-level Factors

      

Race and Ethnicity* (n, %)

      

 Non-Hispanic White

327 (35.1%)

137 (37.4%)

Ref

   

 Asian

130 (13.9%)

57 (15.6%)

1.04 (0.72, 1.5)

0.591

  

 Black

96 (10.3%)

44 (12.0%)

1.12 (0.74, 1.69

0.844

  

 Hispanic

39 (4.2%)

17 (4.6%)

1.04 (0.57, 1.91)

0.892

  

 Missing

340 (36.5%)

111 (30.3%)

    

Language† (n, %)

      

 English

818 (87.8%)

314 (85.8%)

Ref

   

 Other Language

114 (12.2%)

52 (14.2%)

1.08 (0.75, 1.56)

0.671

  

Insurance Type‡ (n, %)

      

 Private

490 (52.6%)

154 (42.1%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Public

429 (46.0%)

204 (55.7%)

1.43 (1.11, 1.86)

0.006

1.43 (1.10, 1.85)

0.007

 Missing/Uninsured

13 (1.4%)

8 (2.2%)

    

Neighborhood-level Factors

      

EJ-Designated Census Tract (n, %)

      

 No

362 (38.8%)

133 (36.3%)

Ref

   

 Yes

570 (61.2%)

233 (63.7%)

1.15 (0.9, 1.49)

0.269

  

Pct of Households Identifying as Speaking English Less Than ‘Very Well’ (n, %)

      

 < 25%

743 (79.7%)

272 (74.3%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 ≥ 25%

189 (20.3%)

94 (25.7%)

1.40 (1.05, 1.85)

0.023

1.19 (0.79, 1.79)

0.415

Pct Total that Is a Racial/Ethnic Minority (n, %)

      

 ≤ 40%

479 (51.4%)

180 (49.2%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 > 40%

453 (48.6%)

186 (50.8%)

1.13 (0.88, 1.44)

0.048

0.65 (0.43, 1.96)

0.032

Median Household Income (n, %)

      

 ≥ $54,850

731 (78.4%)

272 (74.3%)

Ref

 

Ref

 

 < $54,850

8 (0.9%)

5 (1.4%)

1.26 (0.94, 1.68)

0.118

1.01 (0.69, 1.48)

0.948

 Missing

8.99 (4.02)

8.65 (3.98)

    

Median Household Income ($10,000s) (Mean, SD)

8 (0.9%)

5 (1.4%)

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

0.136

  

Pct that Did Not Complete High School (Mean, SD)

25.4 (13.9)

27.1 (15.0)

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)

0.003

1.02 (1.00, 1.05)

0.034

Pct Foreign-born (Mean, SD)

10.6 (8.77)

12.3 (10.1)

1.01 (1, 1.02)

0.035

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

0.423

Pct Living in Households with > 1 Person/Room (Mean, SD)

3.06 (3.41)

3.25 (3.40)

1.02 (0.99, 1.06)

0.248

  
  1. *Race and/or ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic, Hispanic, or non-Hispanic Other, which included American Indian or Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Language was categorized as English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Spanish, or Other, which included Bosnian (n = 4), Portuguese (n = 4), and Cape Verdean (n = 3), among others
  2. †Patients with “NA” listed as their preferred language were assumed to be English speakers as this section of the intake form is used to indicate the need for an interpreter; we confirmed through personal communication with clinic staff that “English” or “NA” is typically used to indicate patients that do not need an interpreter
  3. ‡Insurance was categorized as public, private, or uninsured based on information provided by the Massachusetts Division of Insurance [47]
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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