Retention in primary care among unstably housed residents of a low-income, inner-city neighborhood with a high prevalence of substance use and related disorders

Table 3 Cox proportional hazards analysis of variables associated with LTFU or death among HERE study participants

Explanatory variables	Unadjusted hazard ratio	P-value	Adjusted hazard ratio	P-value
Demographics
Age (per 10-year increment)	1.02 (0.86–1.20)	0.844
Gender
Female	1.00
Male	1.44 (0.88–2.34)	0.146
Homelessness Experience
Never been homeless	1.00
Currently homeless	0.60 (0.30–1.18)	0.137
Homeless < 3 months ago but not currently	0.76 (0.41–1.43)	0.398
Homeless > 3 months ago	0.63 (0.34–1.17)	0.141
Total annual income
< $10,000	1.00
≥ $10,000	0.80 (0.52–1.23)	0.300
Food Security
Not sufficient	1.00
Sufficient	1.02 (0.53–1.97)	0.963
Physician diagnosed medical conditions
Opioid use disorder
No	1.00
Yes	0.52 (0.35–0.79)	0.002
Stimulant use disorder
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	0.53 (0.34–0.83)	0.006	0.68 (0.43–1.07)	0.091
Alcohol use disorder
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.69 (1.07–2.67)	0.024	2.23 (1.38–3.60)	0.001
Anxiety
No	1.00
Yes	0.89 (0.54–1.45)	0.632
Depression
No	1.00
Yes	0.69 (0.41–1.17)	0.170
Cardiovascular disease
No	1.00
Yes	0.64 (0.39–1.06)	0.085
Hepatitis C
No	1.00
Yes	0.73 (0.48–1.13)	0.157
Asthma
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	0.37 (0.14-1.00)	0.051	0.36 (0.13–1.02)	0.055
Anxiety and depression scores
GAD-7 Anxiety score
< 10 (Minimal to mild)	1.00
≥ 10 (Moderate to severe)	0.86 (0.56–1.32)	0.490
CES-D Depression score
< 10	1.00
≥ 10 (Significant symptoms)	0.69 (0.10–1.66)	0.078
Health Services Visits
Medical doctor visits
# per 3 months	0.64 (0.56–0.73)	< 0.001	0.69 (0.60–0.79)	< 0.001
Social Worker visits
# per 3 months	0.70 (0.58–0.86)	< 0.001	0.73 (0.59–0.90)	0.003

ISSN: 1475-9276