Fig. 2

Percentage change (slope) from interrupted time series through four distinct periods (a-d) vs. urbanisation rate, by districts, Malaysia. Miniature map within (a) indicates actual location of Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo Island (green)

Note: The slope (%) were grouped into three: L = <-5%; M = ±5%; H = >+5%; urbanisation rates were grouped into tertiles: L = low; M = medium; H = high. This bivariate choropleth map categorises data into nine groups based on slope (y-axis) and urbanisation rate (x-axis). Each colour block represents a unique combination of low, medium, or high values for both variables