Table 2 Design of strategies to raise awareness about dementia risk reduction

Daccarett [35]

Caribbean American (United States)

Lead pastor and volunteers

Information about normal aging versus dementia, the four most common types of dementia, and modifiable risk factors, strategies to control hypertension and diabetes, common Haitian nutrition practices, benefits of early detection and diagnosis of dementia, and distinguishing between routine screening and assessment/diagnosis

Lecture

Discussion

In-person group meeting

2-h weekly meetings for 6 weeks

Epps [36]

African American (United States)

Community church staff

Basic and warning signs of dementia, dementia-friendly communication and re-engaging dementia families

Lecture

Role-play

In-person group meeting

Single session of 4 h

Epps [37]

African American

(United States)

A public health nurse, professionals from local nonprofit agencies and church leaders

Information to promote understanding of dementia in the African-American community

Lecture

Discussion

In-person group meeting

9 meetings over 16 months

Perales [39]

Latin American seniors (United States)

Latin presenters trained in cultural proficiency

Evidence based information about meaning of Alzheimer’s disease, diagnosis, treatment, brain health and resources

Lecture

In-person group meeting

Single 45-min meeting

Lincoln [40]

African American (United States)

Researchers, talk show host, and two guests

Information about Alzheimer's disease, basic brain health, risk factors, prevention strategies, signs and symptoms

Lecture

In-person group meeting

2 1-h meetings

Askari [41]

Latin American (United States)

Promotoras from community agency

Dementia information from a culturally tailored training manual, "Dementia in the Latino Community," with information dementia types, symptoms, risk factors and prevention

Lecture

Discussion

Video

In-person group meeting

6 2-h meetings over 6 months; 10-min video

Woo [42]

East Asian (United States)

Psychiatrist fluent in Cantonese, a Nobel Laureate with dementia

General dementia knowledge, including symptoms, staging, risk factors, etiology, and different types of dementia like Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia diagnosis and prevention, elements of the mental status examination, potential medical illnesses related to dementia, and the importance of healthy lifestyles

1/ Lecture + 

Discussion

2/ Audio-recording

3/ Video

1/ In-person meeting

2/ Radio broadcast

3/ YouTube and television

1/ Single 1-h lecture and 30-min discussion

2/ Single 1-h radio broadcast

3/ 2 YouTube and 2 television episodes of 30 min each

Grigsby [44]

Latin American (United States)

Researchers, dementia experts, script-writers

Information about dementia symptoms and the impact on the family

Audio-visual novela (photos, text, audio and music)

In-person group meeting

Single 90-min meeting

Zheng [45]

East Asian (United States)

Board-certified psychiatrist

Information on dementia symptoms, staging, risk factors, etiology, different types, diagnosis and prevention, insights into various mental examinations, potential medical problems leading to dementia, and the importance of adopting healthy lifestyles

Lecture

Videos

In person group meeting

Single 25-min meeting, 2 25-min videos

Zheng [46]

East Asian (United States)

Not reported

Challenges faced by a family with a loved one suffering from dementia

Lecture

Video

In-person group meeting

Single meeting, 7-min video

Diamond [48]

East Asian (United States)

Not reported

Information about aging, dementia symptoms, cause, treatment, and prognosis

Lecture

In-person group meeting

Not reported

Valle [51]

Latin American (United States)

Researchers

Information to dispel common myths and provide accurate information about Alzheimer's disease

Lecture

Discussion

In-person group meeting

2 sessions of 45 to 60 min, 3 weeks apart