Table 3 Tailoring of strategies for cultural safety
Study | Cultural Safety | |
|---|---|---|
Tailoring reported by authors | Tailoring category | |
Daccarett [35] | Informed consent and education sessions were delivered in Creole | Used first language |
Epps [36] | Workshops were hosted by African American churches with varying Christian denominations | Held in local, familiar community organization |
Epps [37] | Meetings were held in African American churches | Held in local, familiar community organization |
Wiese [38] | Not reported | NO INTERVENTION Not reported |
Perales [39] | ‒ External Latino community liaisons were consulted to gather insights on preferences and barriers within the community ‒ Lecture was delivered in English and Spanish ‒ Lecture took place in a local community organization specialized in assisting the Latino community ‒ Content was adapted to accommodate cultural nuances and preferences, including incorporating interactive activities, videos on Alzheimer’s symptoms, assessment, and brain health promotion ‒ Colloquial language and pictorial slides were utilized to cater to diverse literacy levels ‒ Resources related to brain health, treatment, and caregiving services were included in the intervention to address community-specific needs and facilitate access to relevant support services ‒ Presenters belonged to a Latino health research institution with a history of community engagement and partnership-building | ‒ Community members engaged in developing program ‒ Used first language ‒ Used plain/familiar language ‒ Used visual aids ‒ Included social interaction ‒ Held in local, familiar community organization ‒ Presenters of same ethno-cultural background ‒ Presenters known to participants ‒ Provided information about support services to overcome community-specific barriers |
Lincoln [40] | Incorporated culturally tailored text messages designed specifically for African Americans, with African colloquialisms, idioms, tenses, style, language, and content | Used plain/familiar language |
Askari [41] | − Training manual and materials for promotoras were translated into Spanish − Training was provided primarily in Spanish, with intermittent direction and guidance from the two English-speakers on the training team − Translators were available during the trainings − Community based organizations familiar to the participants conducted the training and translated the training manual to Spanish | − Used first language (in training and manual) − Translators were present − Held in local, familiar community organization − Presenters of same ethno-cultural background |
Woo [42] | − Interventions were conducted Cantonese − Lay health workers and community representatives were part of the leadership group − Interventions explored underlying beliefs by incorporating personal stories, engaging discussions, and sharing experiences related to dementia − Seminars and radio shows included interaction for discussion and question-asking | − Used first language − Used plain/familiar language − Presenters of same ethno-cultural background − Included social interaction |
Seifan [43] | Not reported | NO INTERVENTION Not reported |
Grigsby [44] | ‒ Novela and focus groups were conducted in English and Spanish ‒ Designed at a 3rd-grade reading level ‒ Question and answer section at 8th-grade reading level | ‒ Used first language ‒ Used plain/familiar language ‒ Included social interaction |
Zheng [45] | Education delivered in Cantonese | Used first language |
Zheng [46] | The seminar and short film were delivered in Cantonese | Used first language |
Naess [47] | ‒ Researchers engaged with mosques and immigrant organizations frequented by Norwegian-Pakistanis to ensure diverse perspectives were captured ‒ Interviews were conducted in Norwegian | NO INTERVENTION − Held in local, familiar community organization − Used first language |
Diamond [48] | Seminars were conducted in Cantonese | Used first language |
Lee [49] | Instruments were translated into Korean, with cultural appropriateness confirmed through focus groups with bilingual social workers and Korean Americans | NO INTERVENTION ‒ Community members engaged in developing instruments ‒ Used first language |
Purandare [50] | The questionnaires was available in English, Gujurati, or Urdu | NO INTERVENTION Used first language |
Valle [51] | − Fotonovelas produced specifically in Spanish for use with low- and moderate-literate adults − Participants received a small handcrafted gift, a popular item among older Latinos, as compensation for their attendance at the session, which reflects an understanding of cultural norms and practices | − Used first language − Used plain/familiar language − Provided a small gift |