Fig. 1

Coverage, prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the independent and joint associations of sex and birth order of children with non-NIP vaccination. Multivariable model 1 adjusted children’s age, and multivariable model 2 adjusted children’s age, place of residence, annual household income, caregivers’ educational attainment, and interviewee’s sex. In independent association analysis, children’s sex and birth order were adjusted for each other. Children who received more than three of the five vaccines were defined as vaccinated